This suggests that journalists are so keen to cover the story that they forget their responsibilities to the public.
There is a lot of competition and pressure from the recession.
The number of complaints to the PCC were low, yet large communities were upset - this suggests people were not aware of the service on offer by the PCC and that it is very difficult to pin down the specific evidence needed to bring a case.
It also raises the issue that after the event, the damage is done and the public are therefore resigned to the situation and feel nothing can be done.
Showing posts with label lessons. Show all posts
Showing posts with label lessons. Show all posts
Monday, April 4, 2011
A new compact between press and public - The Middle East
This article raises the point that the news media are working with citizen journalists (immediacy, eye-witness accounts) in order to maintain their audiences and remain current. Bloggers and Tweeters cannot present the news on their own - it is down to journalists to maintain professional standards, and to maintain consistency. This is the new journalism. By posting/blogging on regulated sites, bloggers are protected by professional standards.
Case study: The McCanns
Read this article -which explains how the McCanns won their libel case against the Express Group
The McCann Case - what issues does it raise
The article shows how the papers routinely edit and select material in order to present a particular viewpoint, and how easy it is to create a perception of someone in the eyes of the public. If that perception is misleading or inaccurate, this can do untold damage (think Max Mosely too) and it is difficult for anything to undo this peception, once the damage is done.
The McCann's chose to take the legal route and didn't go to the PCC at all. Perhaps they believed the PCC couldn't help them. Certainly, on a the question of taste and decency, there would have been nothing they could do. They could have ruled on the issue of defamation (libel) but would only have achieved an apology. Damages seem more suited to such a serious case, involving over 100 articles.
With freedom comes responsibility - this case arguably undermines the notion that the press is largely responsible and that self-regulation is enough to keep the balance in check.
The McCann Case - what issues does it raise
The article shows how the papers routinely edit and select material in order to present a particular viewpoint, and how easy it is to create a perception of someone in the eyes of the public. If that perception is misleading or inaccurate, this can do untold damage (think Max Mosely too) and it is difficult for anything to undo this peception, once the damage is done.
The McCann's chose to take the legal route and didn't go to the PCC at all. Perhaps they believed the PCC couldn't help them. Certainly, on a the question of taste and decency, there would have been nothing they could do. They could have ruled on the issue of defamation (libel) but would only have achieved an apology. Damages seem more suited to such a serious case, involving over 100 articles.
With freedom comes responsibility - this case arguably undermines the notion that the press is largely responsible and that self-regulation is enough to keep the balance in check.
HISTORY OF PRESS REGULATION
This article explains the history of the press regulation in the UK, and raises some of the relevant issues:
History of UK Press regulation
Here is a timeline of changes and developments in the guidelines:
Here is a summary of the history of the PCC:
Historical case study example 1:
Princess Diana case study background: read this article
For further information, have a look at these links:
In the late 1980s there was concern about press intrusion. Two cases in particular caused outrage.
Historical case study example 2: A long lens was used to take photos of TV presenter Russell Harty as he lay dying in his hospital bed in 1988;
and the Sunday Sport published photos and an alleged interview with actor Gordon Kaye as he was recovering from brain surgery following a serious car accident in 1990.
Historical case study example 3: GORDON KAYE v THE SUNDAY SPORT
In 1990, the Allo Allo actor, Gorden Kaye, was photographed in hospital by two Sunday Sport journalists while he recovered from brain surgery. The reporter and photographer had disguised themselves as medical staff.
Kaye suffered serious head injuries in a car accident on 25 January 1990. Although he cannot remember any details of the incident, he still has a scar on his forehead from a piece of wooden advertising boarding that smashed through the car windscreen. While recovering in hospital from emergency brain surgery to treat injuries sustained in the accident, Kaye was photographed and interviewed by Sunday Sport journalist Roger Ordish. He sued the Sunday Sport, but the British Court of Appeal held that his privacy had not been invaded — a decision once said to be the low point of British privacy law.
Mr Justice Eady was strongly influenced by the absence of any legal protection against publication for Mr Kaye, saying that there was "a serious gap in the jurisprudence of any civilised society, if such a gross intrusion could happen without redress."
Mr Justice Eady, the most senior libel judge in England and Wales, sat on the Calcutt committee in 1990 which considered the introduction of a privacy law. He was in favour of a law, but journalists opposed it. The law was never introduced, but the Human Rights Act, which came into force in 2000, enshrined a right to privacy under Article 8. Legal observers say that that Mr Justice Eady believes the law must apply the Act and weigh the rights to privacy against freedom of expression.
Gordon Kaye in 'Allo Allo'
PCC Evolution
PCC Teacher's Resource Pack
History of UK Press regulation
Here is a timeline of changes and developments in the guidelines:
Here is a summary of the history of the PCC:
Historical case study example 1:
Princess Diana case study background: read this article
For further information, have a look at these links:
In the late 1980s there was concern about press intrusion. Two cases in particular caused outrage.
Historical case study example 2: A long lens was used to take photos of TV presenter Russell Harty as he lay dying in his hospital bed in 1988;
and the Sunday Sport published photos and an alleged interview with actor Gordon Kaye as he was recovering from brain surgery following a serious car accident in 1990.
Historical case study example 3: GORDON KAYE v THE SUNDAY SPORT
In 1990, the Allo Allo actor, Gorden Kaye, was photographed in hospital by two Sunday Sport journalists while he recovered from brain surgery. The reporter and photographer had disguised themselves as medical staff.
Kaye suffered serious head injuries in a car accident on 25 January 1990. Although he cannot remember any details of the incident, he still has a scar on his forehead from a piece of wooden advertising boarding that smashed through the car windscreen. While recovering in hospital from emergency brain surgery to treat injuries sustained in the accident, Kaye was photographed and interviewed by Sunday Sport journalist Roger Ordish. He sued the Sunday Sport, but the British Court of Appeal held that his privacy had not been invaded — a decision once said to be the low point of British privacy law.
Mr Justice Eady was strongly influenced by the absence of any legal protection against publication for Mr Kaye, saying that there was "a serious gap in the jurisprudence of any civilised society, if such a gross intrusion could happen without redress."
Mr Justice Eady, the most senior libel judge in England and Wales, sat on the Calcutt committee in 1990 which considered the introduction of a privacy law. He was in favour of a law, but journalists opposed it. The law was never introduced, but the Human Rights Act, which came into force in 2000, enshrined a right to privacy under Article 8. Legal observers say that that Mr Justice Eady believes the law must apply the Act and weigh the rights to privacy against freedom of expression.
Gordon Kaye in 'Allo Allo'
PCC Teacher's Resource Pack
Wednesday, March 30, 2011
Sunday, March 20, 2011
Week 6 Lessons
Different types of media research:
1. Media effects research (aims to 'prove' the negative effect of the media)
2. Academic or qualitative research (explores the nature of the relationship between the media and the audience, eg consideration of why a particular programme is popular)
3. Market research or quantitative research (audience habits, box office, ratings, website hits, tracking)
Effects research explores the following so-called effects:
Behavioural - aggression, crime
Psychological - fear of danger + crime, nightmares
Attitudinal - desensitisation, attitudes towards others
Which social groups are the most frequent subjects of a media effects study?
Children
Young males
Youth criminals
Which media forms are most likely to be considered problematic?
Video games
Rap lyrics
Television programmes
Cartoons
Films
Adverts
What methods are commonly used to study effects?
Heart monitors
Monitoring over long periods of time
Exposure to violent acts
Observation
Discourse (1 to 1 or focus group)
Concerns over this kind of research?
Here is the powerpoint on Media Effects research:
1. Media effects research (aims to 'prove' the negative effect of the media)
2. Academic or qualitative research (explores the nature of the relationship between the media and the audience, eg consideration of why a particular programme is popular)
3. Market research or quantitative research (audience habits, box office, ratings, website hits, tracking)
Effects research explores the following so-called effects:
Behavioural - aggression, crime
Psychological - fear of danger + crime, nightmares
Attitudinal - desensitisation, attitudes towards others
Which social groups are the most frequent subjects of a media effects study?
Children
Young males
Youth criminals
Which media forms are most likely to be considered problematic?
Video games
Rap lyrics
Television programmes
Cartoons
Films
Adverts
What methods are commonly used to study effects?
Heart monitors
Monitoring over long periods of time
Exposure to violent acts
Observation
Discourse (1 to 1 or focus group)
Concerns over this kind of research?
Here is the powerpoint on Media Effects research:
Tuesday, March 15, 2011
Tuesday, March 1, 2011
Some useful links/articles
The Press Complaints Commission
Articles about regulation and the press: Media Watch website
Citizen Journalism article (Emily Bell in The Guardian 25 Feb 2011)
The Impact of Digital Media (Jeremy Orlebar article 22 Sept 2009)
Democratisation of the Media article (Jeremy Orlebar: We Media, Democracy and Convergence May 12 2010)
Articles about regulation and the press: Media Watch website
PCC in the 21st Century
Stephen Hill, MediaMagazine 24, April 2008, NMT special, New online September 2008, Regulation, Privacy, Guidelines, PCC
Stephen Hill, MediaMagazine 24, April 2008, NMT special, New online September 2008, Regulation, Privacy, Guidelines, PCC
Citizen Journalism article (Emily Bell in The Guardian 25 Feb 2011)
The Impact of Digital Media (Jeremy Orlebar article 22 Sept 2009)
Democratisation of the Media article (Jeremy Orlebar: We Media, Democracy and Convergence May 12 2010)
Wednesday, February 16, 2011
Tuesday, February 15, 2011
Monday, January 31, 2011
'18' guidelines
• where the material is in breach of the criminal law, or has been created through the commission of a criminal offence
• where material or treatment appears to the BBFC to risk harm to individuals or, through their behaviour, to society – for example, any detailed portrayal of violent or dangerous acts, or of illegal drug use, which may cause harm to public health or morals.This may include portrayals of sexual or sexualised violence which might, for example, eroticise or endorse sexual assault
• where there are more explicit images of sexual activity which cannot be justified by context. Such images may be appropriate in ‘R18’ works, and in ‘sex works’ (see below) would normally be confined to that category.
In the case of video works (including video games), which may be more accessible to younger viewers, intervention may be more frequent than for cinema films.
Sex education at ‘18’
Where sex material genuinely seeks to inform and educate in matters such as human sexuality, safer sex and health, explicit images of sexual activity may be permitted.
Sex works at ‘18’
Sex works are works whose primary purpose is sexual arousal or stimulation. Sex works containing only material which may be simulated are generally passed ‘18’. Sex works containing clear images of real sex, strong fetish material, sexually explicit animated images, or other very strong sexual images will be confined to the ‘R18’ category. Material which is unacceptable in a sex work at ‘R18’ is also unacceptable in a sex work at ‘18’.
In line with the consistent findings of the BBFC’s public consultations and The Human Rights Act 1998, at ‘18’ the BBFC’s guideline concerns will not normally override the principle that adults should be free to choose their own entertainment. Exceptions are most likely in the following areas:
'15' guidelines
Drug taking may be shown but the film as a whole must not promote or encourage drug misuse. The misuse of easily accessible and highly dangerous substances (for example, aerosols or solvents) is unlikely to be acceptable.
Horror
Strong threat and menace are permitted unless sadistic or sexualised.
Imitable behaviour
Dangerous behaviour (for example, hanging, suicide and self-harming) should not dwell on detail which could be copied. Easily accessible weapons should not be glamorised.
Language
There may be frequent use of strong language (for example, ‘fuck’). The strongest terms (for example, ‘cunt’) may be acceptable if justified by the context. Aggressive or repeated use of the strongest language is unlikely to be acceptable.
Nudity
Nudity may be allowed in a sexual context but without strong detail. There are no constraints on nudity in a non-sexual or educational context.
Sex
Sexual activity may be portrayed without strong detail. There may be strong verbal references to sexual behaviour, but the strongest references are unlikely to be acceptable unless justified by context. Works whose primary purpose is sexual arousal or stimulation are unlikely to be acceptable.
Theme
No theme is prohibited, provided the treatment is appropriate for 15 year olds.
Violence
Violence may be strong but should not dwell on the infliction of pain or injury. The strongest gory images are unlikely to be acceptable. Strong sadistic or sexualised violence is also unlikely to be acceptable. There may be detailed verbal references to sexual violence but any portrayal of sexual violence must be discreet and have a strong contextual justification.
Discrimination
The work as a whole must not endorse discriminatory language or behaviour.
Drugs
12A guidelines
Drugs
Any misuse of drugs must be infrequent and should not be glamorised or give instructional detail.
Horror
Moderate physical and psychological threat may be permitted, provided disturbing sequences are not frequent or sustained.
Imitable behaviour
Dangerous behaviour (for example, hanging, suicide and self-harming) should not dwell on detail which could be copied, or appear pain or harm free. Easily accessible weapons should not be glamorised.
Language
Moderate language is allowed. The use of strong language (for example, ‘fuck’) must be infrequent.
Nudity
Nudity is allowed, but in a sexual context must be brief and discreet.
Sex
Sexual activity may be briefly and discreetly portrayed. Sex references should not go beyond what is suitable for young teenagers. Frequent crude references are unlikely to be acceptable.
Theme
Mature themes are acceptable, but their treatment must be suitable for young teenagers.
Violence
Moderate violence is allowed but should not dwell on detail. There should be no emphasis on injuries or blood, but occasional gory moments may be permitted if justified by the context. Sexual violence may only be implied or briefly and discreetly indicated, and must have a strong contextual justification.
Discrimination
Discriminatory language or behaviour must not be endorsed by the work as a whole. Aggressive discriminatory language or behaviour is unlikely
to be acceptable unless clearly condemned.
WEEK 2: CLASSIFYING FILMS FOR CHILDREN (U, PG, 12A, 15) further clips
Have a go at classifying these films: what age rating would you give them and what are the issues?
Casino Royale (embed disabled)
Juno (Embed Disabled)
Thirteen (Embed Disabled)
Casino Royale (embed disabled)
Juno (Embed Disabled)
Thirteen (Embed Disabled)
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